Voyager spacecraft likely to last a billion years, says a scientist who has been on the mission for nearly five decades

By | March 7, 2024

The Voyager 1 spacecraft was launched after Voyager 2.NASA/JPL-Caltech/KSC

  • Alan Cummings has worked on the Voyager mission for over 50 years.

  • Since their launch, the two Voyager spacecraft have made groundbreaking discoveries that will keep Cummings busy.

  • Cummings thinks they will continue traveling for another billion years.

Alan Cummings, one of the scientists, told Business Insider that the twin Voyager spacecraft were launched almost fifty years ago and there’s no reason they couldn’t continue for another billion years.

Cummings began working on the Voyager mission in 1973, when he was a graduate student at Caltech, about four years before the two spacecraft were launched.

Cummings, now a senior research scientist at Caltech, has seen the program shrink from more than 300 people to fewer than a dozen people.

A main man in a plaid shirt with a curled mustache stands behind a counter with a model of the Voyager spacecraftA main man in a plaid shirt with a curled mustache stands behind a counter with a model of the Voyager spacecraft

Alan Cummings has been working on the Voyager project since 1973.Alan Cummings

Voyager 1 and 2 traveled more than 10 billion miles through space, farther than any human-made object. Cummings said being a part of this historic mission for decades has been the backbone of his career.

“The Hubble Telescope is an amazing mission,” he said. “JWST is a great mission, but I think Voyager is in that kind of category as well.”

Travelers’ endurance

The Voyager mission has been collecting groundbreaking data and photographs since its inception.

For example, when Cummings first saw Jupiter’s moon Io in 1979, he thought it was a joke. “It looked like a poorly made pizza,” he said.

Its colorful, volcano-covered surface looked very different from Earth’s gray, flower-patterned moon. “This can’t be real,” he said, “and it was real.”

Black-and-white photo of Jupiter's moon Io shows pit scars and potholes all over this alien worldBlack-and-white photo of Jupiter's moon Io shows pit scars and potholes all over this alien world

Image of Jupiter’s moon Io as seen from Voyager 1.NASA/Voyager 1

The Voyagers gave us a new perspective on our outer solar system, unlike anything we could have imagined.

They discovered that Saturn is not the only planet with rings, Jupiter also has rings. They revealed new moons around Jupiter and Saturn.

In total, the two spacecraft took 67,000 photographs of our solar system; The last of these was the “pale blue dot” photo made famous by Carl Sagan:

“To me, there is nothing that better illustrates the folly of human arrogance than this distant view of our tiny world.”

Photograph of Earth as a pale blue dot taken from space billions of miles awayPhotograph of Earth as a pale blue dot taken from space billions of miles away

Earth appears as a pale blue dot in this image taken from Voyager 1, when the spacecraft was 3.7 billion miles from the sun.NASA / Traveler

“He rewrote the textbooks,” Cummings said of the mission.

Both Voyagers were originally planned as five-year missions, but Cummings said from the beginning that he expected the spacecraft to last at least 30 to 40 years.

“An outstanding engineering team kept this going,” Cummings said.

Several people in white overalls work on the Voyager 2 spacecraft in a warehouseSeveral people in white overalls work on the Voyager 2 spacecraft in a warehouse

Engineers work on the Voyager 2 spacecraft in the 1970s.NASA/JPL-Caltech

Now, the two spacecraft are running low on fuel as they approach their 50th anniversaries.

Engineers had to shut down different devices to keep them running and data coming through.

Cummings said the Voyagers will continue traveling when they lose power and communications. “I think it will take another billion years,” he said. “There’s nothing to stop this.”

Join Voyager

voyager spacecraft illustration nasavoyager spacecraft illustration nasa

An illustration of one of NASA’s Voyager spacecraft drifting through space.NASA

Had it not been for an unfortunate accident, Cummings may never have joined the Voyager mission.

Before Voyager, Cummings was part of an experiment to measure cosmic rays using a balloon.

He had released the balloon from northern Manitoba, Canada, for several summers.

However, on its last flight, the balloon did not descend as expected and crashed over Russia.

The instrument had been destroyed when Cummings arrived in Russia.

“It was very lucky for me,” he said, because he was later able to join the Voyager mission.

He used his cosmic ray experience working on telescopes for the mission’s experiments.

“I have my little initials carved on one of those telescopes,” he said, “so I guess I’ll be immortal.”

interstellar space

Jupiter with its four moonsJupiter with its four moons

A collage of Jupiter and its four moons from images taken by Voyager 1.NASA/JPL

Cummings had worked on other projects for decades, but Voyagers’ constant delivery of new data excited and involved him.

“There’s always a new phenomenon you see,” he said.

In fact, Voyager’s data has become increasingly interesting to Cummings in recent years because the two spacecraft are now in interstellar space, that region of space beyond the influence of our sun.

After passing by the four giant planets of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus, most of the instruments were still in working order. So the spacecraft moved on to an interstellar mission.

Voyager interstellar space heliosphereVoyager interstellar space heliosphere

This illustration shows the location of NASA’s Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes outside the heliosphere, a protective bubble created by the Sun that extends well beyond Pluto’s orbit.NASA/JPL-Caltech

In 2012, Voyager 1 became the first human-made spacecraft to enter interstellar space, and Voyager 2 followed six years later.

Since cosmic rays are his specialty, and because they are in interstellar space, those rays are not interrupted by the sun, Earth and other obstacles in our solar system, “That’s actually what intrigued me the most,” Cummings said.

Voyager is “in some ways making its most interesting measurements right now,” he said.

Currently, one of Voyager 1’s onboard computers is experiencing problems that could jeopardize the mission.

Cummings hopes the Voyagers can last a little longer, especially since interstellar space is so far away from other spacecraft.

Read the original article on Business Insider

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